The Content

Introduction. Russia's current position in global politics, with its numerous challenges and challenges, is leading to a shift in the values and attitudes of its citizens. The goal of state policy is to define a strategy for overcoming these challenges and to develop a vision for Russia's future. This article examines the challenges of the future (including demographics, sovereignty, reconsideration of traditional cultural attitudes, and technological independence) and analyzes them. The influence of these visions of the future on the target objectives of Russian policy is demonstrated.

Methods. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: a comprehensive study of the problem, combining the study of scientific foundations and their practical application, analysis and synthesis, and sociological tools (survey, observation, and data analysis). The methodological basis of this article is a systems approach.

Analysis. The analysis is based on a critical understanding of the main challenges of the future, demonstrating the connection between mass consciousness and the parameters of Russia's future image and their influence on state policy. The article also analyzes publications by authors such as E. B. Shestopal, Z. R. Usmanova, N. V. Smul'kina, A. I. Bardakov, and A. G. Aganbegyan, as well as sociological research by T. M. Zueva and V. N. Chekar on the patriotic values of students at the Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute.

Results. The connection between mass consciousness and the parameters of Russia's vision of the future is demonstrated, as well as the influence of future challenges on public policy. The goal of government bodies is defined as ensuring a stable society based on the consideration of the individual through dialogue between the government and the country's citizens, as values directly influence and impact human behavior and are a factor in societal stability.

Keywords: image of the country's future, demography, sovereignty, values, patriotism, transformation, public policy, challenges of the future, development of the modern world, public administration, family values, external threats.

Introduction. The article examines the issue of anti-immigration populism as a communicative factor influencing internal political processes in the United States, Europe, and Russia.

Research methods. The methodological basis of the research is the communicative approach in political science, which makes it possible to present anti-migration populism both as a constructed object in relation to which relations between different interest groups are built, and as a tactical tool for forming a communicative space. A comparative analysis of the use of anti-migration populist practices allows us to make significant generalizations regarding the global and national aspects of the phenomenon under consideration.

Discussion. The use of the migration agenda by populists is analyzed. Using the example of the USA, Europe and Russia, the thesis is proved that anti-immigration rhetoric is used as a tool to mobilize the electorate. Survey data indicate that the dynamics of public sentiment towards migration is not directly related to actual migration flows. Populism turns migration into a symbol of the opposition of «friends» and «strangers», converting social anxiety into political capital. At the same time, the use of populism in such a socially sensitive issue can contribute to the political polarization of society, exacerbating contradictions and leading to conflicts both at the national and international levels.

Conclusion. It is concluded that anti-immigration populism, although global in nature, is neither paranoia nor a panacea, but rather has a specific political significance as a tactical communicative tool for the struggle for the electorate in a competitive political struggle.

Keywords: migration, populism, globalism, modern Russia, political process.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the impact of changes in the migration policy of the European Union in the mid-2010s in Niger. Since the 1990s, the country has become an important transit area for migration from West and Central Africa to Libya and Europe.Migration is an important resource in Niger, but it has not been politically regulated by the Government of that country.

Methods. The study analyses the transformation of Niger's migration policy, with a focus on the migration law adopted under the influence of the EU.

Analysis. In 2015, Niger became a key partner state in the implementation of the European migration control policy, as it was considered an alternative country for migrants in Libya and North Africa. The European migration policy in Niger was primarily aimed at preventing migration. The article emphasizes that, in addition to its role in combating illegal migration to Europe, the European migration policy in Niger also considered migration as a security threat related to terrorism.

Results. The government of Niger, seeking financial benefits from the EU, passed a migration law in the interests of its Western partner. This disrupted the region's economic landscape and led to growing discontent among the population regarding their country's domestic policies. The 2023 coup in Niger was a direct consequence of this situation.

Keywords: Niger, The European Union, Migration, Borders, European migration policy, externalization, West Africa, Migrant.

Introduction. This article analyzes the influence of technosphere factors, among which technostress occupies a leading position, on the formation of social fears among working pensioners. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the existence of a social problem, which stems from a real contradiction between the vector of Russian social policy aimed at supporting the trend of active aging and the barriers preventing people of retirement age from continuing to work after retirement.

Methodology. The study was conducted within the sociological-economic paradigm. Furthermore, the research methodology is based on the principles of systems analysis, allowing us to consider technostress as an integral part of the system of technofactors that contribute to the emergence of social fears, along with technostrain, technocomplexity, and others. The development of stress-generating determinants generated by working pensioners' involvement in the realities of the technosphere is analyzed using a process-based approach, which made it possible to demonstrate the development trends of social fears in this population group. The dialectical principle of ascending from the abstract to the concrete underpinned the analysis's progression from the concept of fears to the concept of social fears and then to the social fears of working pensioners, examined through the lens of determinants generated by the technosphere.

Analysis. The author's framework is proposed for the mechanism by which technostress influences the development of social fears in working pensioners. It has been proven that technostress will have its own specific characteristics in different age groups, and the same technoenvironmentalfactors will impact them differently. Sociodemographic, socioprofessional, and socioterritorial characteristics can act as barriers to technostress or as catalysts for it. It has been substantiated that technofactors, including technostress, generate not only technophobias but also various social fears from the mega- to micro-level.

Results. The study demonstrated that technostress not only generates technophobias but also shapes a specific repertoire of social fears. This underscores the need for modern organizations to take this fact into account and, whenever possible, create conditions for working retirees that allow them to prolong their active professional longevity without compromising their well-being.

Keywords: concept of active longevity, working pensioners, social fears, technosphere, technostress, technotension, technocomplexity, technoinvasion.

The internationalization of higher education is essential for fostering highquality development. Jilin Province, a prominent region in Northeast China known for its contributions to science and education, has long pursued initiatives aimed at enhancing the internationalization of its higher education sector by capitalizing on its unique geographical advantages and cultural and academic resources. This study examines the progress of Jilin's efforts in higher education internationalization and analyzes the characteristics of these initiatives. Although significant
achievements have been realized in areas such as Sino-foreign cooperative programs, faculty development, the establishment of research infrastructure, and student exchanges, challenges persist. These challenges include uneven development, limited brand influence, insufficient internationalization of teaching staff, constrained scope and depth of exchanges, and inadequate support systems. The paper proposes strategic implementation measures such as fostering collaborative development frameworks, establishing distinctive cooperative brands, cultivating international faculty teams, expanding global exchanges, and enhancing governance and support mechanisms to offer both theoretical references and practical guidance for advancing the internationalization of higher education in Jilin.

Keywords: Higher Education in Jilin Province; Internationalization Strategy; International
Students in China; Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education Programs.

Introduction. The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of spatial polarization and overcoming rural peripherality in the context of regional policy. The relevance is due to the steady trend of population concentration and economic activity in regional centers and suburban areas of the Southern Federal District, while the degradation of remote rural settlements. The purpose of the work is to identify the main factors of spatial polarization of rural areas using the example of the Volgograd Region and other regions of the Southern Federal District and substantiate the mechanisms of their inclusive development.

Methods. The research is based on methods of systematic, comparative and statistical analysis using official data from Federal State Statistics Service, regional policy documents and the results of scientific research by Russian authors. A typological approach is applied to the differentiation of municipal districts according to the level of socio-economic development.

Analysis. The analysis of the dynamics of the rural population in the regions of the Southern Federal District is carried out with an emphasis on the Volgograd region as a region with a pronounced polarization of rural space. The key indicators characterizing the degree of peripherality have been identified: transport accessibility, population density, the level of development of socialand engineering infrastructure, and the state of the labor market. It is shown that the existing state support measures do not fully take into account intraregional differentiation, which reduces their effectiveness. Based on the analysis of successful practices, a three-level model of adaptive regional policy is proposed, focused on differentiated support for rural areas depending on their type.

Results. The criteria for classifying rural territories into various types (basic, stable, and depressed) are systematized. The directions of improving regional policy are substantiated: the formation of rural agglomerations as «growth points», program-oriented support for depressed areas, the development of inter-municipal cooperation and digital infrastructure. The author's scheme of the spatial alignment mechanism is proposed, integrating the tools of initiative budgeting and integrated rural development programs. The conclusions can be used to adjust regional spatial development strategies of the Southern Federal District subjects.

Keywords: spatial development, peripherality, rural areas, regional policy, Volgograd Region, Southern Federal District, differentiation, rural agglomerations, infrastructure.

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to classify the regions of the Russian Federation by conducting a cluster analysis of key demographic and economic indicators to identify homogeneous clusters, followed by identifying the features and problems characteristic of certain clusters, and determining leading and depressed regions.

Methods. This article conducted a cluster analysis using Ward's method and the k-means method. The analysis was based on selected demographic and economic indicators.

Analysis. A cluster analysis was conducted, the optimal number of clusters was determined, and typological groups of Russian regions were identified. Key features of the formed groups were identified, leading regions, regions with average demographic potential, as well as the most depressed regions and those requiring attention were determined. Current demographic trends have been identified, including the aging trend of the Russian population.

Conclusions. The demographic and economic characteristics of the regions of Russia identified as a result of the analysis can be further used in the development of various regional and federal measures and recommendations aimed at improving the demographic and economic situation. 

Keywords: cluster analysis, population, demography, population aging, demographic trends.

Introduction. The article analyzes the state of the labor market of the Russian Federation in the context of the transformation of employment policy. The article considers the paradox of record low unemployment against the background of a structural shortage of personnel. The effectiveness of the proactive model of employment promotion is substantiated.

Methods. These are general scientific methods of comparison, generalization, systematization, classification, as well as methods of logical analysis and analysis of statistical data are used in the study.

Analysis. Employment policy is considered in the context of the economic security of the region using the example of the Ulyanovsk region. The deficit and surplus of specialists of various categories are analyzed. The regional peculiarities of the labor market and the implemented employment support programs are described. The importance of supporting vulnerable groups of the population – young people and citizens of pre-retirement age is noted.

Results. The analysis of trends in the national labor market, socio-economic development of the Ulyanovsk region and regional employment policy confirms the effectiveness of the proactive employment model. The necessity of integrating the efforts of the state, business, education and citizens themselves in order to achieve effective employment is substantiated.

Keywords: labor market, employment policy, unemployment, proactive model, social support, youth, pre-retirees.

Introduction. The introduction reveals the significance of ESG factors in modern bank lending and substantiates their connection with credit risk, the financial stability of the borrower and the quality of the bank’s loan portfolio. Particular attention is paid to climate-related and environmental risks as factors capable of transforming into traditional banking risks.

Methods. The methods section presents the methodological and empirical basis of the study. It is indicated that the analysis is based on the use of systemic, statistical, comparative and regulatory analytical methods, while the information base includes data from the Expert RA rating agency, materials of the Bank of Russia and regulatory sources in the field of sustainable finance.

Analysis. The analytical part examines the main types of ESG loans, the role of verification and ESG ratings, the dynamics of the ESG loan portfolio in Russia, its place in the structure of corporate lending, as well as the distribution of the ESG portfolio between systemically important credit institutions and other banks. Based on the analysis, the need for further improvement of mechanisms for stimulating ESG lending is identified.

Conclusion. The conclusion formulates the author’s proposal to apply a reduction coefficient to the amount of credit exposure on verified ESG loans included in the calculation of the N6 ratio, taking into account the borrower’s ESG rating.

Keywords: ESG lending; sustainable development; green finance; bank lending; ESG rating; verification of ESG projects; corporate loan portfolio; climate risks.

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, a set of measures is being implemented aimed at the digital transformation of the social sphere. The basic element of the unified digital circuit is the Unified State Information System in the Healthcare Sector (EGISZ). The need to create the system is dictated by the need to consolidate information on the health status of citizens and the activities of medical organizations.

Methods. During the study, general scientific methods of systematization, generalization, formal legal and comparative legal methods were used. The source of empirical material was normative legal acts, statistical data on the functioning of EGISZ, and materials of law enforcement practice.

Analysis. EGISZ is a federal state information system operated by the Ministry of Health of Russia. The system includes sixteen subsystems that ensure the collection, processing and provision of information in the healthcare sector. The introduction of EGISZ contributes to improving the availability of medical care through electronic registration and telemedicine technologies. However, problems of data fragmentation between public and private segments remain, along with the absence of direct information exchange between clinics and low participation of private medical organizations in the unified digital circuit.

Conclusions. The article examines the legal and organizational foundations of the functioning of EGISZ. Conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the regulatory framework to eliminate legal conflicts, ensure interoperability of medical information systems, and stimulate the integration of the private sector into the unified information space of healthcare.

Keywords: EGISZ, healthcare, digitalization, medical data, social security, telemedicine.

Introduction. The country's policy of modernizing the national economy, achieving technological independence, retooling production, addressing pressing social issues, ensuring strategic security, preserving the country's sovereignty, and achieving territorial prosperity is reflected in the documents adopted by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. The national development goals are defined in Presidential Decree No. 309 dated May 7, 2024, «On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 and for the Period up to 2036» [13]. At the same time, the territorial priorities of state bodies are laid down in the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2036, approved by Order No. 4146-r of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2024 [10]. One of the document's objectives is to ensure economic growth in the regions.

Methods. To solve the problems of this study, various methods were used, which allowed to determine the relationship between the provisions of the Strategy under consideration and the indicators that characterize the economic situation in Russian regions, as well as to assess the dynamics of development indicators, their correlation, and dependence. These methods include: analysis of scientific literature and data from official sources, including websites of government agencies, economic calculations, statistical techniques, a systematic approach, analysis of empirical data, and synthesis to form conclusions and suggestions.

Analysis. One of the key vectors of the development of public administration in the Russian Federation, which determines the content of the issued regulatory legal documents, the nature of the decisions made at the federal and regional level, and the distribution of resources, is to support the development of territories of various types and status, i.e., territorial orientation. This primarily applies to the constituent entities of Russia, which are enshrined in Article 65 of the country's Constitution [5]. As the main criterion for dividing the state's territory for the purposes of regulatory control and socio-economic development, republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance,autonomous regions, and autonomous districts form the basis of regional governance in general and its economic component in particular. The unification of the constituent entities of the Federation into federal districts is an element of presidential management and control of the state of affairs within the relevant macroregion, which consists of a number of constituent entities located in relative geographical proximity to each other. The representation of the President of Russia in the federal districts is carried out in accordance with Decree No. 849 of May 13, 2000, «On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District» [14]. The subjects manage municipal entities based on the division of tasks assigned to the powers of state authorities and issues of local importance that are resolved by municipal authorities. The Spatial Development Strategy of Russia has contributed to giving a new impetus to the development of territories. In order to implement the Strategy, the Russian Government approved the Implementation Plan for the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, with a forecast up to 2036, on August 11, 2025, No. 2149-r [9]. The implementation of the Strategy involves territorial planning that ensures the balance between budget expenditures and the priority areas of spatial development. These areas are defined within the framework of Russia's reference settlements, geostrategic territories, federal districts, and the Arctic zone.

Conclusions. The socio-economic development of the territories of the Russian Federation is currently determined by a large number of objective and subjective factors. On the one hand, this is ensured by the available resources, geographical location, and natural and climatic conditions. On the other hand, the regulatory and managerial component plays a significant role in leveling the disparities in regional development.

Keywords: spatial development, economic growth, territory, constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and reference settlement.