The Content

*The work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Expert Institute for Social Research within the framework of the project FZUU-2024-0005 «Participation in elections as a family tradition: resources of the institution of the family and vectors of mobilization of civic engagement of modern Russian youth».

 

Introduction. The article examines the directions and trends of the influence of the family institution on the formation of civic engagement of modern Russian youth. The resources of intergenerational solidarity of family members in the process of political and legal socialization of representatives of various groups of Russian youth are interpreted. Attention is focused on behavioral practices of manifestation of citizen activism forms in the political and legal space of the Russian Federation in the context of ensuring stable and safe development of society and the state.

Methodology and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is the conceptual provisions of the theories of generations and socialization, activity-activist and institutional, riskological and conflictological approaches. The article uses theoretical and empirical research methods, including comparative, predictive, interpretation of data obtained during expert interviews.

Analysis. Civic activity of domestic youth is considered as one of the forms of social activity of the population, manifested in the institutionalized political and legal space of Russia. At the >same time, the specificity of the basic spatial characteristics is largely determined by the inconsistency of various stages of political modernization, multi-vector understanding (interpretation) in the scientific, as well as in family and everyday discourse of historical events of the XX–XXI centuries. The work focuses on the mechanisms of transmission of family values and traditions that have a dominant influence on behavioral practices of civic activity in the context of the transformation of the structure and functions of the institution of the family itself.

Results. The potential of family traditional values for minimizing the spread of destructive forms of activity among young people is revealed. A system of factors contributing to / limiting the reproduction and transmission of orientations to various forms of activism within family relations is identified. Thus, within the framework of an interdisciplinary study, the institution of the family is characterized not only as an agent of political and legal socialization, but also a subject of political and legal changes in modern Russia.

Keywords: civic engagement, youth, family, values, traditions, law, politics, space, Russia.

Paradigmal approach to the analysis of a historical text

Introduction. The article examines the essence of the paradigmatic approach to the analysis of socio-historical texts, reveals various aspects of understanding historical events and facts in the process of their study, provides a detailed argumentation for the need to combine universal and generally accepted interpretations and algorithms for understanding the text with an individual vision of the study of these phenomena.

Research methods. When studying a socio-historical text as one of the sources of understanding multiple events and facts of a particular era, it is proposed to use the paradigmatic approach as a universal methodological basis for the study of historical processes. Methods of historical and logical analysis of these events and facts allow us to achieve a holistic understanding of the text in social cognition.

Discussion. The conceptual apparatus that can contribute to an adequate description of the historical process is often associated with a particular approach to explaining this process, for example, formalization, civilization, linear, covariance, etc. However, this does not address the issues related to the fact that when studying the historical process, one or another researcher, along with using universal methods and means for analyzing fragments of reality that are of interest to him, brings his own vision to the philosophical understanding of the historical process.

Conclusion. Thus, the understanding of history appears to the researcher as one of the key moments in constructing history as a process. The choice of one or another conceptual modeling system will be determined by certain attitudes of the cognizing subject to such an interpretation.

Keywords: historical text, temporal factor, post-non-classical rationality, historical fact, understanding, transcendentality, event.

Construction of Cross-border Higher Education Quality Assurance System: The Theoretical Framework of TQM

*Research Base of Digital Business Education in Jilin Province, Changchun 130022

Fund: Jilin Province Education Science Planning Project “Research on Strategies to Enhance the Internationalization Capability of Higher Education in Jilin Province” (No: GH20252)

Abstract. In recent years, cross-border higher education has made great progress, and the construction of its quality assurance system is the key to the rapid development of cross-border higher education. Based on the comprehensive quality management (TQM), the importance and necessity of constructing the cross-border higher education quality assurance system are analyzed, and the applicability and feasibility of TQM application to cross-border higher education are discussed from theoretical and practical aspects. On this basis, a cross-border higher education quality assurance system has been constructed, including six modules: international environment and relationship, customer satisfaction, full participation, process management, continuous quality improvement, and quality excellence. To provide theoretical support and reference for the quality assurance of cross-border higher education.

Keywords: cross-border higher education; quality assurance; TQM.

Comparative analysis of Russian labor market databases to identify generational and digital trajectories of population behavior

*The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation and the Committee for Economic Policy and Development of the Volgograd Region under grant No. 24-28-20066 https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-20066/

Introduction. The scarcity of the labor market, new phenomena associated with the change of technological structure, necessitate the expansion of its research directions. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the hypothesis of differences in the behavior of persons belonging to different generations in the labor market and the expediency of expanding the use of generational groupings in the formation of employment databases.

Materials and methods. Data from official statistics and specialized organizations (sociological and recruiting agencies) from the end of 2023 to the beginning of 2024. The research methods are general scientific and statistical.

Results and discussions. The criteria for conducting a comparative analysis of labor market databases were substantiated: generational classification and the addition of traditional forms of employment with digital ones. Features of the Rosstat database: they are accumulated by traditional and platform employment, including a number of positions by age groups. Differences in the trajectories of behavior of individuals of different generations are revealed. In the databases of specialized organizations, there are fewer opportunities for generational analysis in terms of the number of employees. Primary attention is paid to the interest in using certain tools in the labor market, among digital forms of employment, remote work. The analyzed Russian databases have global advantages and disadvantages determined by the current level of development of society. The main one is the insufficient accuracy of the assessment of platform employment.

Conclusions and recommendations. The hypothesis of differences in the behavior of persons belonging to different generations in the labor market was confirmed during the analysis. This makes it possible to talk about the expediency of expanding the use of generational groupings in the formation of employment databases. It is proposed to develop groups of respondents recommended for use in conducting research. This will expand the comparability of information and make more harmonious management decisions.

Keywords: labor market, generational theory, digital employment, labor force survey, labor force databases.

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to identify groups of Russian regions with similar values of factors important for the development of the regional transport system, and to describe the characteristics of each group.

Methods. In the work, based on the system approach, methods of comparative, statistical, cluster analysis, and graphical presentation of data were used. Data processing was carried out in the Statistica program.

Analysis. Using Ward's method, six clusters were identified and described: the capital cluster, a cluster of sparsely populated regions – record holders in terms of GRP per capita, average regions, extractive regions of the North and Asian part of Russia, economically developed regions, and the “agricultural south”.

Conclusions. The conducted clustering will be useful in developing regional and federal programs and activities aimed at developing and improving the transport complex of the regions of the Russian Federation, will help to correctly set priorities and coordinate interregional cooperation.

Keywords: transport, regions of Russia, transport infrastructure, transport systems, cluster analysis, cluster, transport complex.

Introduction. This study contains the results of a study of the financial stability of Latin American countries. The need to consider the experience of foreign countries is actualized in connection with the systemic reform of the accumulative elements of the Russian pension system. As an example of countries that have applied these elements in mandatory pension systems for the first time, the institutional characteristics of national pension systems make it possible to identify the factors most significant in the development of national pension systems in order to ensure their financial stability.

Methodology. The main research method is a comparative analysis of the parameters of the development of national pension systems in the Latin American region. The rationale for the study sample is given.

Analysis. The study was conducted on the basis of the author's methodology, which includes the following indicators – fiscal sustainability, the development of the financial market and financial instruments, the state of the labor market. The study was conducted on the basis of normative and empirical characteristics of pension systems of the considered groups of countries, presented in various international reviews. As a result of the characteristics of pension systems, it is shown that the distributive and accumulative components demonstrate different effects within the framework of the considered groups of indicators. The financial support system of national pension systems has the strongest impact. For this reason, the financial stability of pension systems is ensured with the mandatory achievement of indicators of budgetary stability and the state of the labor market. The analysis also revealed the vulnerability factors of the financial stability of pension systems of various types within each of the identified groups.

Results. The results obtained can be used in the development of further comprehensive programs for reforming the pension system of the Russian Federation, as well as individual institutional elements of the mandatory pension insurance system based on the experience of Latin American states. The results of the study contribute to the treasure trove in the theory of public finance and social security of the methodology for assessing the financial stability of national pension systems.

Keywords: pension system, pension provision, Latin America, distributive pension system, accumulative pension system, financial stability, financial stability, budgetary stability, pension model.

*The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation and the Committee for Economic Policy and Development of the Volgograd Region under grant No. 24-28-20066 https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-20066/

 

Introduction. Currently, there is a personnel shortage in Russia, which predetermines the analysis and improvement of the legal regulation of regional labor markets. The national project «Personnel» will begin on January 1, 2025. Regions should already be ready to revise their personnel policies and bring their legal acts into line with federal legislation in order to effectively regulate regional labor markets. Based on changes in strategic documents, it is necessary to analyze the legal regulation of the labor market of the Volgograd region.

Methods. The study is based on the method of analyzing regulatory legal acts of the federal and regional levels (Volgograd region) regulating the labor market in Russia as a whole, as well as the labor market of the Volgograd region.

Analysis. Legal regulation of the labor market of the Volgograd region is a system of regional regulatory legal acts adopted on the basis of and in accordance with federal regulatory legal regulation. This system includes both regional laws and by-laws. A special role is given to the program documents – the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Volgograd Region, as well as the state program of the Volgograd Region for the development of the labor market and employment.

Results. It should be concluded that it is necessary to adjust these program documents based on the trends in the change in the labor market associated with the expansion of types of employment, the emergence of self-employment and platform employment, the need to take into account the impact of these changes on the transformation of the labor market of the Volgograd Region and the need to adjust legal regulation.

Keywords: labor market; regional labor market; labor market of the Volgograd region; legal regulation.

Introduction. Today's digital agenda includes a wide range of questions that legal scholars need to answer. One of the least studied in this case is the area of convergence of law and the metaverse. Since the direction of metaverses receives new rounds of development every year, the need for legal (primarily public-law) research of the phenomenon of «metaverse» increases proportionally. In this work, the author briefly outlines the reasons for establishing public-law regulation of the metaverse sector.

Methods. The study is based on the following system of methods: analysis, synthesis, systems approach, and a special legal method.

Analysis. The conducted analysis of the necessary information allowed us to systematize the reasons for public-legal regulation of the metaverse sphere into two groups: reasons related to ensuring national security, and reasons that contribute to the development of the metaverse direction for the benefit of the socio-economic development of the state.

Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, the author substantiates the public-legal need for the development of the metaverse sphere in Russia, caused by the requirements of the concept of digital sovereignty.

Keywords: metaverse law, legal regulation of the metaverse area, metaverse security, metaverse capabilities, digital law, law of virtual worlds, development of metaverses.

Introduction. The article examines the main problems of juvenile crime on the Internet, the risks and threats of committing certain types of crimes and their prevention.

Methods. To study juvenile crime on the Internet in Russia, various methods were used that allow us to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the problem and develop effective recommendations. The method of legal analysis used will allow us to draw a conclusion about the current
criminal legislation and law enforcement practice in the field of protecting the rights of minors on the Internet.

Analysis. The analysis of juvenile crime is based on the understanding of criminal law norms and the practice of bringing to criminal responsibility. The survey revealed insufficient awareness of minors' parents about safety measures on the Internet.

Results. Shortcomings in preventing crimes against minors on the Internet were identified and recommendations for improving safety measures for minors were developed.

Keywords: minors, crime, safety measures, prevention, parental control.